Abstract Cabreúva (Myrocarpus frondosus Allemão) is a native species with ecological, ornamental, medicinal, and timber potential. This study aimed to evaluate the physical, physiological, and sanitary quality of Myrocarpus frondosus diaspores over 360 days in different storage environments. The initial characterization of the batch included the weight of 1,000 seeds, moisture content, electrical conductivity, germination potential (with substrates being between and on sand or vermiculite, and a paper roll) and sanitary quality (blotter test). The diaspores were stored in a room with ambient conditions, a dry and cold room, a wet and cold chamber, and a refrigerator. Evaluations were performed at 0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 days. The substrates between sand and between vermiculite are recommended for the germination of diaspores. Diaspores showed no recalcitrant behavior in relation to storage and can be stored in a dry and cold room (18 °C and 49% RH) for 360 days, with 57% germination. Fungal incidence increased the deterioration of the diaspores after 180 days of storage in a cold and dry environment.

RESUMO Entre os métodos utilizados para a restauração de áreas alteradas, tem-se o plantio de mudas arbóreas nativas como um dos mais tradicionais. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a sobrevivência e o crescimento de mudas de Casearia sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell. Mattos e Parapiptadenia rigida Benth. Brenan, em área alterada, de acordo com o recipiente utilizado na produção das mudas em viveiro e do uso de mulching no plantio, por meio de atributos morfológicos e fisiológicos. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 2x2, considerando tipos de recipientes na produção das mudas (saco plástico e tubete) e presença ou ausência de mulching no entorno das mudas no plantio. As três espécies apresentaram médias de sobrevivência semelhantes aos 24 meses. As taxas entre os tratamentos foram 72,5; 85,0 e 80,0%, respectivamente. Obteve-se efeito positivo do uso de saco plástico para incremento em altura (IncH) e em diâmetro coleto (IncDC), área da copa (AC) e massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) para C. sylvestris e H. heptaphyllus, enquanto para P. rigida, o uso do saco plástico favoreceu à AC e MSPA. A presença de mulching favoreceu os atributos IncH, IncDC, AC e MSPA de H. heptaphyllus, bem como a AC e a MSPA de C. sylvestris. Quanto aos parâmetros fisiológicos (níveis relativos de clorofila a e b e fluorescência de clorofila a), não foi observada diferença entre os tratamentos testados. Indica-se que mudas de C. sylvestris, H. heptaphyllus e P. rigida, para plantio em área antropizada, sejam produzidas em recipiente saco plástico de 1,5 L visando maior crescimento a campo. Além disso, no plantio de C. sylvestris e H. heptaphyllus deve-se utilizar o mulching para favorecer seu crescimento.

ABSTRACT Among the methods used for the restoration of altered areas, the planting of native tree seedlings is one of the most traditional ones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival and initial growth of Casearia sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell. Mattos and Parapiptadenia rigida Benth. Brenan seedlings in altered areas, according to containers used in nursery seedlings production and use of mulching on planting, using morphological and physiological attributes. The experiment was conducted in a 2x2 factorial scheme. The type of containers used (plastic bag and tube) was considered, and the presence or absence of mulching around the seedlings. The three species presented similar survival averages at 24 months. The rates between the treatments were 72.5; 85.0 and 80.0%, respectively. The use of plastic bags had a positive impact on the height (IncH) and stem collar (IncDC), crown area (CA) and shoot dry mass (SDM) for C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus, while for P. rigida, the use of plastic bags favored the CA and the SDM. The presence of mulching favored the attributes IncH, IncDC, AC, and MSPA of H. heptaphyllus, as well as CA and SDM of C. sylvestris. Regarding the physiological parameters (relative levels of chlorophyll a and b and fluorescence of chlorophyll a), no difference was observed between the treatments tested. It is recommended that for the planting of seedlings of C. sylvestris, H. heptaphyllus, and P. rigida, in altered areas by anthropization, they be produced in a 1.5 L plastic bag, aiming at greater field growth. Also, in the planting of C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus the mulching should be used to favor their growth.

ABSTRACT The quantification of the hydric requirement during the production of quality seedlings is of extreme importance and the substrate used is a mediator of this influence. However, few studies are carried out in this context, particularly on native species such as Luehea divaricata, which has great potential for lumber production and the restoration of riparian forests. The aim of this study was to characterize the survival and growth of L. divaricata seedlings in different substrates and under different irrigation schemes. The experimental design used a factorial scheme composed of four formulations of substrate (100T: 100% turf (peat); 80T: 80% peat and 20% carbonized rice husk - CRH; 60T: 60% peat and 40% CRH; 40T: 40% peat and 60% CRH) and six irrigation schemes. Survival, height, stem diameter, aerial dry matter, root and total leaf area, and Dickson Quality Index were evaluated. We observed elevated survival, height, stem diameter, aerial dry matter, and leaf area under an irrigation of 16 mm. day-1 with substrates 100T and 80T. The dry matter and Dickson Quality Index, independent of the irrigation, resulted in greater carbon accumulation. Thus, we concluded that substrates based on peat, mixed with up to 20% CRH, allowed greater seedling growth, facilitating earlier hardening and expedition, under an irrigation scheme of 16 mm.day-1. L. divaricata is a native species that can be considered to have high hydric demand during the seedling production phase.

Resumo O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a biometria, tratamentos pré-germinativos e substratos para germinação de diásporos de Balfourodendron riedelianum. Os diásporos foram caracterizados na germinação quanto ao comprimento, largura, espessura, peso de mil sementes (PMS) e teor de água. Foram empregados os métodos de escarificação com lixa e ácido sulfúrico, imersão em água fria e em água a 100 °C, e o controle (sem tratamento), associados a diferentes substratos (entre papel (EP), entre areia (EA) e, entre vermiculita (EV), sendo conduzidos em câmara de germinação a 25 °C. A caracterização fisiológica foi realizada por meio da primeira contagem, germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Os dados biométricos foram analisados em classes de frequências e os tratamentos pré-germinativos por meio da análise de variância. Os diásporos apresentam em média 18,59 mm de comprimento; 9,03 mm de largura e 9,38 mm de espessura. O tratamento de imersão em água fria por 48 horas e o substrato entre vermiculita (EV) foi efetivo para a superação da dormência e o mais adequado para o teste de germinação da espécie.

Abstract This study investigated the biometry, pre-germination treatments and substrates for the germination of diaspores of Balfourodendron riedelianum. The diaspores were characterized during germination according to their length, width, thickness, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and water content. Dormancy overcoming was tested by diaspore scarifying with sandpaper, sulfuric acid immersion, water and water at 100 °C; together with the control (untreated), they were associated to different substrates (including paper (EP), sand (EA) and vermiculite (EV). Germination tests were conducted in a germination chamber at 25 °C. The physiological quality of seeds was performed through the first count, germination and germination speed index (GSI). Biometric data were analyzed in frequency classes and the pre-germination treatment by analysis of variance. Diaspores are on average 18.59 mm long; 9.03 mm wide and 9.38 mm thick. The treatment of immersion in cold water for 48 hours and the substrate vermiculite (EV) were effective to overcome dormancy and recommended for germination tests.

RESUMO: Parapiptadenia rígida (angico-vermelho) é uma espécie arbórea nativa amplamente encontrada na região central e sul do Brasil, é indicada para restauração de áreas degradadas em virtude de sua alta plasticidade a gradientes de luz e facilidade de adaptação a ambientes degradados. No entanto, a espécie ainda carece de informações no que se refere a produção de mudas de qualidade, bem como, a utilização de forma racional dos recursos envolvidos. Dessa forma, esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes substratos e regimes de rega no desenvolvimento de mudas de P. rigida . O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial com parcela subdividida, considerando quatro formulações de substratos (100% turfa; 80% turfa + 20% casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC); 60% turfa + 40% CAC; 40% turfa + 60% CAC) e seis regimes de rega (4; 8; 12; 16; 20 e 24mm.dia-1). Aos 180 dias após a emergência, foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros morfológicos: altura, diâmetro do coleto, relação altura e diâmetro do coleto, massa seca aérea, massa seca radicular, massa seca total e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Constatou-se que a utilização de substrato composto por 80% turfa + 20% casca de arroz carbonizada e/ou 100% turfa, combinado com o regime de rega de 4 mm.dia-1, proporcionam o maior crescimento das mudas de P. rigida.

ABSTRACT: Parapiptadenia rigida (angico-vermelho) is a native arboreal species widely found in central and southern Brazil and is indicated for restoration of degraded areas due to its high plasticity to light gradients and ease adaptation to degraded environments. However, there is still a lack of information on this species regarding the production of quality seedlings, as well as the rational use of the resources involved. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different substrates and irrigation schemes in the development of P. rigida seedlings. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme with split plots, with four substrate formulations (100% peat; 80% peat + 20% carbonized rice husk (CRH); 60% peat + 40% CRH; 40% peat + 60% CRH) and six irrigation schemes (4; 8; 12; 16; 20 and 24mm.day-1). At 180 days after emergence, the following parameters were evaluated: height, stem diameter, height and stem diameter ratio, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight and Dickson Quality Index. Use of substrate composed of 80% peat + 20% carbonized rice husk and/or 100% peat, combined with irrigation scheme of 4mm day-1, resulted in the best growth of P. rigida seedlings.

O lodo de esgoto constitui um resíduo de estações de tratamento de esgoto, que pode ser utilizado em formulações de substratos para a produção de mudas. A partir disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes proporções de lodo de esgoto, substrato comercial e solo sobre características de crescimento de mudas de Tectona grandis em tubetes, com capacidade volumétrica de 120 cm³. O lodo de esgoto utilizado foi procedente da ETE's de Pacotuba/ES. As mudas foram produzidas no Viveiro Florestal/CCA/UFES. O delineamento estatístico utilizado no experimento foi o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC) com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por lodo de esgoto: substrato comercial: terra de subsolo (v:v:v); onde correspondia a 20:70:10 (T1); 40:50:10 (T2); 60:30:10(T3); 80:10:10 (T4); 90:0:10 (T5) e o tratamento testemunha com 0:90:10 (T6). Todas as características avaliadas foram significativas ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. A testemunha (T6) apresentou resultados iguais ou estatisticamente inferiores ao tratamento T3 com concentração de 60% de lodo de esgoto. Conclui-se, então, que o uso do lodo de esgoto para a produção de mudas é viável e promissor, quando utilizado em uma proporção de 60%, associado a 30% de substrato comercial e a 10% terra de subsolo.

The sewage sludge is a waste from sewage treatment plants, which can be used in formulations of substrates for seedling production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different proportions of sewage sludge, soil and commercial substrate on the growth characteristics of Tectona grandis seedlings in tubes of 120 cm³ volume capacity. The sewage sludge used came from the STP's Cachoeiro de Itapemirim / ES. The seedlings were grown in the forest nursery / CCA / UFES. The statistical design used in the experiment was completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and five replications. The treatments constituted of sewage sludge : commercial substrate: soil (v: v: v), which corresponded to 20:70:10 (T1), 40:50:10 (T2), 60:30:10 (T3), 80 : 10:10 (T4), 90:0:10 (T5) and the control treatment with 0:90:10 (T6). All variables assessed were significant at the 5% level of probability. The control (T6) showed results statistically equal to or lower than the treatments T3 with 60% of sewage sludge concentration (T3). It follows then that the use of sewage sludge in seedling production is feasible and promising, however, used in a proper proportion.

O êxito de plantios florestais não está ligado unicamente à espécie utilizada, mas depende diretamente do tipo de recipiente, da qualidade das sementes e do substrato utilizado. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do biossólido como substrato na produção de mudas de cedro-australiano (Toona ciliata). O experimento foi realizado em casa de sombra do Viveiro Florestal/CCA/UFES. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, sendo constituído de seis tratamentos contendo biossólido, em proporções decrescentes, associado com terra de subsolo e dois tratamentos sem o uso de biossólido (esterco bovino + terra de subsolo e substrato comercial, respectivamente), com oito repetições. No geral, os melhores resultados para as características morfológicas analisadas foram obtidos com a utilização de 100 a 70% de biossólido na composição do substrato. Portanto, o biossólido pode ser considerado adequado para o crescimento de mudas de Toona ciliata o que demonstra uma alternativa viável de disposição final desse resíduo.

The demand for wood for various purposes increases dramatically to meet the demand and need to produce forest seedlings in quantity and quality, to establish good stands. In this sense, the success of forest plantations is not linked solely to the species used, but directly depends on the type of container, the quality of seeds and substrate used. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of biosolids as substrate for the production of seedlings of Australian cedar (Toona ciliata). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at forest nursery/CCA / UFES. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of six treatments with biosolids, in decreasing proportions associated with subsoil, and two treatments without the use of biosolids (manure + soil and commercial substrate, respectively), with 8 repetitions. In general, the best results for the morphological analysis were obtained using 100 to 70% of biosolids in the substrate. Therefore, the biosolids can be considered suitable for the growth of seedlings of Toona ciliata which demonstrates a viable alternative for disposal of this waste.